by Lottie Miles
PhD in Exercise & Sport Science
Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like substance in the blood that’s essential for building cells and producing hormones. However, high levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, often labeled “bad” cholesterol, have long been linked to increased heart disease risk. Traditionally, managing cholesterol focused on lowering LDL through medication and dietary restrictions. However, research over the past decade has transformed this understanding, bringing balance to the conversation about heart health.
Recent studies highlight the importance of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, or “good” cholesterol, which helps remove excess LDL from the arteries, potentially lowering heart risk. In addition to HDL levels, researchers now look at the size and density of cholesterol particles; smaller, denser LDL particles seem to pose a higher risk than larger ones. This has led to a shift in dietary recommendations. Foods like eggs, once feared for their cholesterol content, are now considered healthy in moderation, as evidence suggests they don’t significantly impact blood cholesterol in most people.
Today, a more holistic approach is recommended: rather than strictly monitoring cholesterol numbers, doctors emphasise a balanced diet, regular exercise, and other lifestyle factors to reduce cardiovascular risk, recognising that cholesterol is just one part of a complex heart health puzzle.